Fern species - indoor and indoor plants

In the gardens of summer residents, you can often see a plant such as a fern. You can meet him not only there. Ferns grow all over the world.

This plant is shrouded in an aura of secrets and mysteries. All because of its dissimilarity to another flora. However, there is really nothing mysterious about it.

Plant structure

Ferns are perennial herbaceous plants. They are very fond of moisture, therefore they are most often found in forests or other shady, humid places. This is a huge group of spore plants, it includes 48 families.

Fern

In the literature, you can often see that fern greens are called leaves. This is actually a mistake. The fern foliage is called vayami. A young frond grows up curled up like a snail. Perhaps it was because of this structural feature that a legend about a mysterious flower once went.

The leaf plates of an adult plant are most often heavily dissected, growing from the rhizome itself. Ferns have many species, their names most often reflect the external resemblance of foliage to some object or are associated with the place of natural growth.

Ferns are different: tree-like, underwater, large and miniature, growing on the ground and in trees.

Fern breeding

Despite fairy tales and legends, the fern does not bloom in real life. It reproduces with the help of spores - this is one of the main points of its characteristics. Spores are located on the underside of the plant leaf. The place of their accumulation is called the sporangium.

Young fronds

Another way of reproduction of these plants is vegetative. They can sprout roots. Usually, flower growers grow them in this way.

Ferns in the interior

Fern has long been considered one of the most successful plants for interior design. Largely due to its mystical halo, largely due to its unusual appearance. Not only this attracts people to him, because:

• Ferns are excellent air purifiers. They handle gases and dust well.
• They are quite unpretentious. They will have to pay attention, but not much.
• These plants are very beautiful. A lush green bush will not leave anyone indifferent.
• It is convenient to select them for the interior. Fern species are varied, they are for every taste.
• With a fern, it is good to organize fragmentary landscaping in apartments. Only first you should make sure that all conditions are suitable for the plant.
  

  Floriana with fern

• With it, you can create florariums that look good in interiors. This is a special glass container with an autonomous ecosystem inside.

Fern species and names

Indoor fern species are striking in their diversity. The most interesting and popular ones should be discussed separately.

Mnogoryadnik

The fern of the mnogoryadnik species is rightfully considered one of the most beautiful created by nature. He has interesting openwork leaves that attract attention. In nature, it grows in coniferous, deciduous, mixed forests, near water bodies. They also grow it at home. He has the following requirements:

• Watering.In summer, during active growth, the soil must be constantly moist. In the off-season, winter (if the plant is in the house), moderate watering is needed.
• Lighting. A lot of ambient light is required.
• Comfortable temperature. In active growth - 15-25 ° С, during dormancy - 12-15 ° С.
• Top dressing. In warmer months, it is recommended to fertilize the plant once a week. In winter, top dressing is not needed.

Davalia

Fern Davalia (or Davallia in Latin) is a fast-growing plant. He looks unusual. The popular name of this flora (hare's foot, deer leg) confirms this. In nature, this fern is found in tropical Asia, China, Japan, and the Canary Islands. In Russian latitudes, it is more often used in greenhouses, less often in houses.

Davalia

For indoor flower giving at home, care should include the following points:

• Watering. Both in summer and in cold weather she needs moderate watering. The plant does not like strong moisture.
• Lighting. The davaliya needs diffused light. It can be grown away from windows.
• Temperature. In summer, this fern needs a temperature regime of 17-25 ° С, in winter - from 13 to 20 ° С.
• Top dressing. During the period of active growth, daval should be fed with liquid fertilizer twice a month.

Nephrolepis

This fern is known to most home growers. It is this culture that is most often grown in pots in indoor conditions. For example, nephrolepis Boston, or Boston is often used. Its leaves, like most ferns, are strongly dissected. At the same time, the dissected parts are not openwork, like those of mnogoryadniki.

Nephrolepis Green Lady is also common. Its peculiarity is splendor. A properly grown flower can resemble a green fountain.

The third of the most common ferns in the house is Emin's nephrolepis. Its other name is Green Dragon or Dragon's Tail. This is due to the fact that fronds of this type are especially curly.

Nephrolepis Emina

Nephrolepis requirements:

• Watering. Like most ferns, they need constant moisture during the period of active growth. In cold weather, moderate watering is required.
• Lighting. Nephrolepis loves bright, but diffused light.
• Temperature. In summer, it is able to withstand up to 25 ° C, in winter it is not recommended to lower the temperature below 16 ° C.
• Top dressing. Like the mnogoryadnik, nephrolepis needs fertilizers weekly during the growth period. They should be removed in winter.

Kostenets

This spore-bearing plant, known to science as Asplenium, cannot be confused with others. This is because its leaves have an unusual shape - they lack the dissection that is characteristic of most ferns. Their frond is whole. Asplenium is a broadleaf fern species. It is found most often in the tropics. However, it can be seen in other conditions as well. Centipedes are often grown in houses. Asplenium has the following requirements:

• Watering. During the growing season, water this fern abundantly; during the dormant period, watering is severely limited.
• Lighting. This plant does not need to be placed on a windowsill. Kostenets loves shade.
• Temperature. Asplenium is thermophilic: in summer it is comfortable at 18-25 ° С, in winter it does not tolerate temperatures below 16 ° С.
• Top dressing. This fern species is fed once a week during the growing season. It cannot be fertilized during the dormant season.

Maidenhair

The maidenhair fern is known for its unique leaves. This name comes from the Greek language, from the expression, literally translated as "do not wet". Vayi of this type repel water, it is impossible to wet them. In houses, the most common foot-shaped maidenhair.

Maidenhair foot

This species needs the following conditions:

• Watering. Maidenhair are especially moisture-loving ferns. In summer, the pot can even be placed entirely in the water. The main thing is to drain the excess afterwards. In winter, the soil is moistened as needed.
• Lighting. Maidenhair is shade-loving and does not like frequent changes of places.
• Temperature. In any of the seasons, this species feels comfortable at a temperature of 15-20 ° C.
• Top dressing.Fertilize this plant once a month in the warm season. In winter, feeding is not carried out.

Pteris

This species is often grown indoors. This is because he is one of the most unpretentious ferns. It is recommended to start growing ferns from it. It has an interesting double-colored frond: light green at the stem and dark green at the edges. Most often, home growers choose the Cretan pteris. Pteris need:

• Watering. They need a lot of water during the growing season; watering is limited for the winter.
• Lighting. This species needs a lot of light.

• Temperature. In summer, pteris is comfortable at 18-24 ° С, in winter, the temperature should be 13-16 ° С.
• Top dressing. This species is fertilized every two weeks. The concentration of feeding is needed weak - it has delicate roots.

Shieldworm

Dryworms are one of the most common ferns. The most famous of these is the male fern fern.

Male shieldworm

The name was given to it by the Greeks (they also came up with a practical medical application). Noting the outward similarity of the two plants, they gave the name to this particular male fern. The second type (which will be discussed below) was called female.

The scabbard has strongly dissected fronds, resembling feathers in shape.Its content requirements are as follows:

• Watering. Shieldworms need a lot of water during the hot season. In winter, poor watering is required.
• Lighting. This species loves shady places.
• Temperature. When keeping a dwarf in a room, an air temperature of 18-20 ° C. At the same time, he has no requirements for seasonality.
• Top dressing. These ferns are fed with a medium concentration of fertilizer once a month during the period of active growth.

Kochedyzhnik

The head fern is the very second species, defined by the Greeks as the “pair” of the fern. The two plants are very similar, so they were named in pairs. This species was christened female (today this name has been preserved only for one of the varieties). One of the most beautiful kochedzhnikov - Nippon, it is distinguished by a red stem. The conditions for this type are required as follows:

• Watering. This fern needs a lot of water in summer. In winter, it is watered as the soil dries up.
• Lighting. Like shitnikov, kochedzhnik is shade-loving.
• Temperature. This plant is comfortable at 19-23 ° C. When grown at home, he also does not have a seasonality requirement.
• Top dressing. This species should be fertilized every three weeks during the growing season.

Thailand

The Thai fern has a significant difference from the above-described species. It lies in the fact that it is an underwater plant. It comes from Thailand, hence the name. The most common species is the pterygoid fern. It is often grown in home aquariums - it creates beautiful dense growth and requires minimal maintenance.

Thailand fern

• Water. The Thai fern does not need frequent water changes.
• Lighting. This plant needs at least 12 hours of daylight per day. It also tolerates shading well, but will only grow with enough light.
• Temperature. This species needs a constant temperature of at least 24 ° C. It has no pronounced seasonality.
• Top dressing. The underwater fern is fed by adding fertilizer to the water. The concentration of top dressing should be weak, it is carried out no more than twice a month.

Indian

This is another type of underwater fern narrow-leaved crops. The Indian fern has finely cut openwork frond. At home, it is grown in aquariums. Caring for it assumes compliance with the following conditions:

• Water. It is not worth changing the water in an aquarium with this plant often.
• Lighting. This species needs a lot of light. Daylight hours should be from 12 hours a day.
• Temperature. The optimum water temperature for this plant is 23-26 ° C.
• Top dressing. You do not need to feed the Indian fern.

Orlyak ordinary

This plant is often found in Russia. He got the name bracken because of the feather-like leaf plates resembling eagle feathers. It is also called the Far Eastern fern because of its habitat. Almost all bracken is edible (after some processing).

Orlyak ordinary

He does not have many requirements:

• Watering. In summer, the soil should not be allowed to dry out at the roots of the bracken. In winter, watering with room maintenance is minimal.
• Lighting. Like most species of fern-like plants, the bracken is shade-loving.
• Temperature. The Far Eastern species has no seasonality requirements. In home content, a temperature of 10 to 25 ° C is suitable for him.
• Top dressing. Eagles need to be fed once a month during the warm season.

Centipede

Centipedes are a whole class of ferns. In biology, it is called Polipodium. Another name is real fern. Among its species are epiphytic plants (growing on stones or trees, like phlebodium), and ordinary terrestrial plants (for example, the common millipede).

Epiphyte phlebodium

Polypodiums are known to reproduce rapidly vegetatively, with the help of basal shoots. Moreover, they are rather low - fronds can reach a height of 60 centimeters. Centipede requirements:

• Watering. Polypodiums love moisture. In the season of active growth, their soil should not be allowed to dry out.
• Lighting. The centipede belongs to shade-tolerant ferns. She can live in the shade, but for normal growth she needs diffused light.
• Temperature. In summer, polypodium is good at 20-25 ° С. In winter, the temperature drops to 16-18 ° C.
• Top dressing. You need to fertilize this fern twice a month and only during the period of active growth.

Fern is an excellent solution for interior decoration. Among the variety of its types, it is easy to choose the most suitable for a particular style.